前天聊天时，有同学说 Appium 官方支持自动下载兼容的浏览器驱动，想来Selenium也有类似的方法，于是在网上搜索一番。参考了Medium上一篇文章的方法，对相关步骤进行改进，增加了对多浏览器的支持。
首先，先想好大致上的几个步骤
- 识别本地浏览器版本
- 下载对应浏览器版本的驱动
- 解压到对应文件夹
- 记录到mapping.json文件中
接下来就是撸起袖子开干
定义好目录结构
|— config
|— mapping.json: 浏览器驱动配置信息
|— driver: 存放浏览器驱动
|— utils
? |— driver_util.py: 封装的工具包
|— test_search.py: 测试脚本
数据准备
导入第三方库，定义好路径名称等常量
import json import os import zipfile import shutil import requests import pathlib from win32com import client as win_client # 工作目录（当前路径调试时需加上.parent） BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd()) # BASE_DIR = str(pathlib.Path.cwd().parent) CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com" EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL = "https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net" CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP = "chromedriver_win32.zip" EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP = "edgedriver_win64.zip" CHROME_DRIVER = "chromedriver.exe" EDGE_DRIVER = "msedgedriver.exe" BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR = str(pathlib.PurePath(BASE_DIR, "driver")) DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "config", "mapping.json")
第一步，获取浏览器的版本
Chrome 浏览器有些小版本没有对应版本号的浏览器驱动，需要借助 Query API 查询对应大版本LATEST RELEASE版本，再根据查询对应的浏览器驱动
新版Edge 浏览器每个版本号官网都有对应的驱动下载
Latest Version API https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_{version}Download Chrome Driver API https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/{version}/chromedriver_win32.zip https://msedgedriver.azureedge.net/{version}/edgedriver_win64.zip
代码如下
def get_browser_version(file_path): """ 获取浏览器版本 :param file_path: 浏览器文件路径 :return: 浏览器大版本号 """ # 判断路径文件是否存在 if not os.path.isfile(file_path): raise FileNotFoundError(f"{file_path} is not found.") win_obj = win_client.Dispatch('Scripting.FileSystemObject') version = win_obj.GetFileVersion(file_path) return version.strip() def get_browser_major_version(file_path): """ 获取浏览器大版本号 :param file_path: 浏览器文件路径 :return: 浏览器大版本号 """ browser_ver = get_browser_version(file_path) browser_major_ver = browser_ver.split(".")[0] return browser_major_ver def get_latest_browser_version(browser_major_ver): """ 获取匹配大版本的最新release版本 :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号 :return: 最新release版本号 """ latest_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/LATEST_RELEASE_{browser_major_ver}" resp = requests.get(latest_api) latest_driver_version = resp.text.strip() return latest_driver_version
第二步，下载浏览器驱动
def download_browser_driver(latest_driver_version, browser_name): """ 下载浏览器驱动压缩包 :param browser_name: 浏览器名称 :param latest_driver_version: 浏览器的版本号 """ download_api = None if browser_name == "Chrome": download_api = f"{CHROME_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP}" elif browser_name == "Edge": download_api = f"{EDGE_DRIVER_BASE_URL}/{latest_driver_version}/{EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP}" download_dir = os.path.join(str(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR), os.path.basename(download_api)) # 下载，设置超时时间20s resp = requests.get(download_api, stream=True, timeout=20) if resp.status_code == 200: with open(download_dir, 'wb') as fo: fo.write(resp.content) else: raise Exception("Download chrome driver failed")
第三步，解驱动压缩包
解压后将原压缩包删除
def unzip_driver(browser_major_ver, browser_name): """ 解压驱动压缩包 :param browser_name: 浏览器名称 :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号 :return: 驱动文件路径 """ file_path = None driver_path = None if browser_name == "Chrome": file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP)) driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, CHROME_DRIVER) elif browser_name == "Edge": file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP)) driver_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver, EDGE_DRIVER) browser_driver_dir = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, browser_major_ver) # 解压到指定目录 with zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, 'r') as zip_ref: zip_ref.extractall(browser_driver_dir) return driver_path def remove_driver_zip(browser_name): """ 删除下载的驱动压缩包 :param browser_name: 浏览器名称 """ file_path = None if browser_name == "Chrome": file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(CHROME_DRIVER_ZIP)) elif browser_name == "Edge": file_path = os.path.join(BROWSER_DRIVER_DIR, os.path.basename(EDGE_DRIVER_ZIP)) os.remove(file_path)
第四步，读写配置文件信息
def read_driver_mapping_json(): """ 读取 mapping_json :return: 字典格式 """ if os.path.exists(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE): with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE) as fo: try: driver_mapping_dict = json.load(fo) # mapping.json内容为空时，返回空字典 except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: driver_mapping_dict = {} else: raise FileNotFoundError(f"{DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE} is not found") return driver_mapping_dict def write_driver_mapping_json(browser_major_ver, latest_driver_version, driver_path, browser_name): """ 写入 mapping_json :param browser_major_ver: 浏览器大版本号 :param latest_driver_version: 浏览器驱动版本号 :param driver_path: 驱动存放路径 :param browser_name: 浏览器名称 """ mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json() # 版本号在dict中（浏览器名不在dict中） if browser_major_ver in mapping_dict: mapping_dict[browser_major_ver][browser_name] = { "driver_path": driver_path, "driver_version": latest_driver_version } # 大版本号不在dict中，且字典不为空 elif browser_major_ver not in mapping_dict and mapping_dict: mapping_dict[browser_major_ver] = { browser_name: { "driver_path": driver_path, "driver_version": latest_driver_version } } # 字典为空 else: mapping_dict = { browser_major_ver: { browser_name: { "driver_path": driver_path, "driver_version": latest_driver_version } } } mapping_dict.update(mapping_dict) with open(DRIVER_MAPPING_FILE, 'w') as fo: json.dump(mapping_dict, fo)
综合
将以上步骤整合到automatic_discover_driver函数中，通过调用该函数返回浏览器驱动路径
def automatic_discover_driver(browser_path, browser_name="Chrome"): """ 侦测浏览器驱动是否在mapping.json有记录，否则下载该驱动 :param browser_path: 浏览器路径 :param browser_name: 浏览器名称 """ browser_maj_ver = get_browser_major_version(browser_path) # Chrome需要获取大版本号对应的latest release version # Edge 可直接用当前浏览器版本号 if browser_name == "Chrome": latest_browser_ver = get_latest_browser_version(browser_maj_ver) elif browser_name == "Edge": latest_browser_ver = get_browser_version(browser_path) else: raise Exception(f"{browser_name} is not found") # 读取mapping.json内容 mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json() # json为空 或版本号不在mapping_dict中 或浏览器名不在mapping_dict中 if not mapping_dict or \ browser_maj_ver not in mapping_dict or \ browser_name not in mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver]: # 下载浏览器驱动压缩包 download_browser_driver(latest_browser_ver, browser_name) # 解压浏览器驱动压缩包，并返回驱动路径 driver_path = unzip_driver(browser_maj_ver, browser_name) # 将浏览器大版本号、浏览器名、驱动路径、对应的浏览器版本号信息写入到mapping.json中 write_driver_mapping_json(browser_maj_ver, latest_browser_ver, driver_path, browser_name) # 删除浏览器驱动压缩包 remove_driver_zip(browser_name) # 返回浏览器驱动的路径 mapping_dict = read_driver_mapping_json() return mapping_dict[browser_maj_ver][browser_name]["driver_path"]
测试
创建一个test_search.py文件验证是否可以自动下载对应的浏览器驱动
import pytest from time import sleep from selenium import webdriver from utils.driver_util import automatic_discover_driver as automatic class TestSearch: _CHROME_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" _EDGE_PATH = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe" _browser = "Edge" def setup(self): driver_path = automatic(self._EDGE_PATH, self._browser) if self._browser == "Chrome": self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(driver_path) elif self._browser == "Edge": self.driver = webdriver.Edge(driver_path) def teardown(self): self.driver.close() self.driver.quit() def test_search_bing(self): self.driver.get("https://cn.bing.com/") self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_form_q").send_keys("selenium") self.driver.find_element_by_id("sb_go_par").click() sleep(3) if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main()
实测，成功打开浏览器！
（文章来源于霍格沃兹测试学院）