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详解mysql系统变量sql_safe_updates的用法--限制update与delete

nanyue 2024-07-20 23:52:57 技术文章 10 ℃

概述

在MySQL中,系统变量sql_safe_updates是个非常有意思的系统变量,在Oracle和SQL Server中都没有见过这样的参数或功能。如果这个系统变量设置为1的话,意味着update与delete将会受到限制。默认情况下,系统变量sql_safe_updates是禁用的。

下面一起来看看这个系统变量的细节问题


01

系统变量的查看

系统变量sql_safe_updates分会话级别和全局级别。可以动态修改。默认是关闭(值为0)。

show variables优先显示会话级变量的系统变量值,如果这个系统变量没有会话级别的值,则显示全局级系统变量的值,当然最清晰的方式就是加上GLOBAL或SESSION关键字来区别。

@@GLOBAL.var_name、@@SESSION.var_name 、@@LOCAL.var_name 。如果在变量名前没有级别限定符,将优先显示会话级的值。

1、查看会话级别系统变量sql_safe_updates的值

mysql> show variables like 'sql_safe_updates';
mysql> show session variables like 'sql_safe_updates';
mysql> select @@session.sql_safe_updates;
mysql> select @@sql_safe_updates;

2、查看全局级别系统变量sql_safe_updates的值

mysql> show global variables like 'sql_safe_updates';
mysql> select @@global.sql_safe_updates;

02

系统变量sql_safe_updates的设置

#设置会话级别的系统变量
mysql> set sql_safe_updates=1;
#设置全局级别的系统变量
mysql> set global sql_safe_updates=1;

如果要设置全局级别的系统变量sql_safe_updates,建议在配置文件my.cnf中设置。


03

实验--UPDATE语句测试

1、没有WHERE条件。

mysql> update shop set price=price*1.5;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql> 

2、 没有WHERE条件,但是有LIMTI限制条件

如下测试所示,没有WHERE条件,但是有LIMIT限制的话,SQL也是可以执行的。

mysql> update shop set price=price*1.5 limit 5;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0

3、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件的列没有索引可用

mysql> show index from shop\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: shop
 Non_unique: 0
 Key_name: PRIMARY
 Seq_in_index: 1
 Column_name: article
 Collation: A
 Cardinality: 931203
 Sub_part: NULL
 Packed: NULL
 Null: 
 Index_type: BTREE
 Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
 Table: shop
 Non_unique: 0
 Key_name: PRIMARY
 Seq_in_index: 2
 Column_name: dealer
 Collation: A
 Cardinality: 931203
 Sub_part: NULL
 Packed: NULL
 Null: 
 Index_type: BTREE
 Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
 Table: shop
 Non_unique: 1
 Key_name: shop__price
 Seq_in_index: 1
 Column_name: price
 Collation: A
 Cardinality: 1877
 Sub_part: NULL
 Packed: NULL
 Null: 
 Index_type: BTREE
 Comment: 
Index_comment: 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
ERROR: 
No query specified
 
mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where dealer='K';
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column

4、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件列没有索引 + LIMIT限制

mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where dealer='K' limit 1000;
Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Rows matched: 1000 Changed: 1000 Warnings: 0

5、有WHERE条件的UPDATE,而且字段有索引

mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where article=6156;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
 
mysql> 

6、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量

mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where 1=1;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column

7、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量+LIMIT

mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where 1=1 limit 10;
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 10 Changed: 10 Warnings: 0

04

实验--DELETE语句测试

1、 DELETE语句没有WHERE条件

mysql> delete from shop;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql>

2、DELETE语句没有WHERE条件+ LIMIT

mysql> delete from shop limit 10;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql> 

3、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,而且查询条件的字段有索引

mysql> delete from shop where article =6156;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql>

4、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,而且查询条件的字段有索引 +LIMIT

mysql> delete from shop where article< 2000 limit 1000;
Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql>

5、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是查询条件的字段没有索引

mysql> delete from shop where dealer='K';
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql> 

6、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是查询字段没有索引 +LIMIT语句

mysql> delete from shop where dealer='K' limit 20;
Query OK, 20 rows affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> 

7、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量

mysql> delete from shop where 1=1;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql>

8、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量 +LIMIT

mysql> delete from shop where 1=1 limit 10;
ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
mysql>

05

实验结果

总结如下,至于是否要开启这个系统变量,需要结合实际情况,并且和开发人员一起协商才行。


这个变量还是很有意思的,建议大家有空可以测试一下。后面会分享更多devops和DBA方面的内容,感兴趣的朋友可以关注一下~

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