概述
在MySQL中,系统变量sql_safe_updates是个非常有意思的系统变量,在Oracle和SQL Server中都没有见过这样的参数或功能。如果这个系统变量设置为1的话,意味着update与delete将会受到限制。默认情况下,系统变量sql_safe_updates是禁用的。
下面一起来看看这个系统变量的细节问题
01
系统变量的查看
系统变量sql_safe_updates分会话级别和全局级别。可以动态修改。默认是关闭(值为0)。
show variables优先显示会话级变量的系统变量值,如果这个系统变量没有会话级别的值,则显示全局级系统变量的值,当然最清晰的方式就是加上GLOBAL或SESSION关键字来区别。
@@GLOBAL.var_name、@@SESSION.var_name 、@@LOCAL.var_name 。如果在变量名前没有级别限定符,将优先显示会话级的值。
1、查看会话级别系统变量sql_safe_updates的值
mysql> show variables like 'sql_safe_updates'; mysql> show session variables like 'sql_safe_updates'; mysql> select @@session.sql_safe_updates; mysql> select @@sql_safe_updates;
2、查看全局级别系统变量sql_safe_updates的值
mysql> show global variables like 'sql_safe_updates'; mysql> select @@global.sql_safe_updates;
02
系统变量sql_safe_updates的设置
#设置会话级别的系统变量 mysql> set sql_safe_updates=1; #设置全局级别的系统变量 mysql> set global sql_safe_updates=1;
如果要设置全局级别的系统变量sql_safe_updates,建议在配置文件my.cnf中设置。
03
实验--UPDATE语句测试
1、没有WHERE条件。
mysql> update shop set price=price*1.5; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
2、 没有WHERE条件,但是有LIMTI限制条件
如下测试所示,没有WHERE条件,但是有LIMIT限制的话,SQL也是可以执行的。
mysql> update shop set price=price*1.5 limit 5; Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.05 sec) Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0
3、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件的列没有索引可用
mysql> show index from shop\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: shop Non_unique: 0 Key_name: PRIMARY Seq_in_index: 1 Column_name: article Collation: A Cardinality: 931203 Sub_part: NULL Packed: NULL Null: Index_type: BTREE Comment: Index_comment: *************************** 2. row *************************** Table: shop Non_unique: 0 Key_name: PRIMARY Seq_in_index: 2 Column_name: dealer Collation: A Cardinality: 931203 Sub_part: NULL Packed: NULL Null: Index_type: BTREE Comment: Index_comment: *************************** 3. row *************************** Table: shop Non_unique: 1 Key_name: shop__price Seq_in_index: 1 Column_name: price Collation: A Cardinality: 1877 Sub_part: NULL Packed: NULL Null: Index_type: BTREE Comment: Index_comment: 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where dealer='K'; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
4、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件列没有索引 + LIMIT限制
mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where dealer='K' limit 1000; Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.13 sec) Rows matched: 1000 Changed: 1000 Warnings: 0
5、有WHERE条件的UPDATE,而且字段有索引
mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where article=6156; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql>
6、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量
mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where 1=1; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
7、有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量+LIMIT
mysql> update shop set price = price * 1.5 where 1=1 limit 10; Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 10 Changed: 10 Warnings: 0
04
实验--DELETE语句测试
1、 DELETE语句没有WHERE条件
mysql> delete from shop; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
2、DELETE语句没有WHERE条件+ LIMIT
mysql> delete from shop limit 10; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
3、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,而且查询条件的字段有索引
mysql> delete from shop where article =6156; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql>
4、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,而且查询条件的字段有索引 +LIMIT
mysql> delete from shop where article< 2000 limit 1000; Query OK, 1000 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql>
5、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是查询条件的字段没有索引
mysql> delete from shop where dealer='K'; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
6、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是查询字段没有索引 +LIMIT语句
mysql> delete from shop where dealer='K' limit 20; Query OK, 20 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql>
7、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量
mysql> delete from shop where 1=1; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
8、DELETE语句有WHERE条件,但是WHERE条件为常量 +LIMIT
mysql> delete from shop where 1=1 limit 10; ERROR 1175 (HY000): You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column mysql>
05
实验结果
总结如下,至于是否要开启这个系统变量,需要结合实际情况,并且和开发人员一起协商才行。
这个变量还是很有意思的,建议大家有空可以测试一下。后面会分享更多devops和DBA方面的内容,感兴趣的朋友可以关注一下~