Linux(CentOS 7)下安装配置nginx代理多个tomcat实例和应用

注：本文 nginx版本：1.12.2 Tomcat版本: 9.0.2

*yum安装

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# rpm -ivh https://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# yum install nginx

*启动

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# systemctl start nginx.service

启动报错：

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See “systemctl status nginx.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.

● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

查看状态

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# systemctl status nginx.service

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2017-12-19 10:58:55 CST; 10s ago

Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

Process: 26726 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Process: 26722 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Dec 19 10:58:52 izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz nginx[26726]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

……

Dec 19 10:58:55 izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

Dec 19 10:58:55 izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz systemd[1]: Failed to start nginx - high performance web server.

Dec 19 10:58:55 izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.

Dec 19 10:58:55 izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.

可以看到是bind to 0.0.0.0:80 fail——绑定80端口失败，

查看nginx错误日志（可能要先改log文件权限）

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# /var/log/nginx/error.log

/var/log/nginx/error.log: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token ('

/var/log/nginx/error.log: line 1:2017/12/19 10:54:17 [emerg] 26705#26705: >>bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)’

80端口早已被使用，将占用80端口的Tomcat关闭后启动成功

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# systemctl start nginx.service

可用[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz local]# rpm -ql nginx | grep nginx

查看安装软件(nginx)的位置信息

路径说明/etc一些设置文件放置的目录如/etc/crontab/usr/bin一些可执行文件/usr/lib一些程序使用的动态函数库/usr/share/doc一些基本的软件使用手册与帮助文档/usr/share/man一些man page文件

1. /etc/nginx: 默认安装位置；
2. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf： 默认配置信息
3. /etc/nginx/nginx.conf：Nginx 主配置文件
4. /usr/share/nginx/html/：Nginx 的默认站点根目录
5. /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf：默认站点配置
6. /var/log/nginx/error.log：错误日志

相关补充：

启动 Nginx

systemctl start nginx.service

停止 Nginx

systemctl stop nginx.service

重启 Nginx

systemctl restart nginx.service

查看 Nginx 状态

systemctl status nginx.service

*修改Nginx默认配置，转发(映射)请求到不同应用

在Nginx默认配置文件，我的是/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf，将不同域名的不同端口配置添加

server {
 listen 80;
 server_name wx.xxx.name;
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://wx.xxx.name:8080;#对应下面的tomcat中server.xml的端口
 }
}
server {
 listen 80;
 server_name byxt.xxx.name;
 location / {
 proxy_set_header Host $host; #设置请求头，并将请求头信息传到服务器，访问服务器文件时不用带上端口号了
 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
 proxy_pass http://byxt.xxx.name:8081;
 }
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

如果是统一域名下请求路径不同，则只需要配置一个server，修改location和proxy_pass的配置

server{
 …
 …
 #加下面的配置 
 location /路径名1/{ 
 proxy_pass http://xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/路径名1; #主要是这里，这是tomcat1的端口和项目 
 location /路径名2/{ 
 proxy_pass http://xxx.xxx.xxx:8081/路径名2; #主要是这里，这是tomcat2的端口和项目 
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

重启nginx服务。

*Tomcat相关配置

先准备两个tomcat，不赘述，之后称tomcat1,tomcat2。

1. 先修改vi /etc/profile (末尾or wherever)添加

#第一个Tomcat
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/wechat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/wechat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18
export CATALINA_BASE CATALINA_HOME
#第二个Tomcat
CATALINA_2_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat
CATALINA_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export CATALINA_2_BASE CATALINA_2_HOME
#第一个Tomcat路径
TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/wechat/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18
export TOMCAT_HOME
#第二个Tomcat路径
TOMCAT_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export TOMCAT_2_HOME
之后重新执行刚修改的profile使之生效
[root@izbp1di2a]# source /etc/profile
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

这是tomcat启动时catalina.sh中读取实例的路径。

细分的说CATALINA_HOME 指Tomcat安装路径，CATALINA_BASE 指实例所在位置,CATALINA_HOME 路径下只需要包含 bin 和 lib 目录，而 CATALINA_BASE 只存放 conf、webapps、logs 等这些文件。

随后修改tomcat2的catalina.sh，在

# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false.

下面增加如下代码

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_2_BASE
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_2_HOME
1
2

不修改的话执行tomcat2的start.sh、shutdown.sh等脚本还是会执行默认的tomcat1的脚本。

2. 修改两个tomcat下的server.xml将http和stop的端口号改为不同，其中的两个http协议端口与nginx默认配置中的xxx.xxx.xxx:8080、xxx.xxx.xxx:8081等对应

3. 如果不成功，检查firewall或者iptables有没有开放对应端口，我就是iptables中没有配置要转发到的8081端口：

[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18]# tail -f /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT 
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
# Completed on Sun Nov 26 00:26:06 2017
^[[A^C
[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18]# systemctl restart iptables.service
[root@izbp1di2a9vvogy93gw0onz apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M18]# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination 
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:8080
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:8081
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:3306
REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination 
REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination