前言
发送post的请求参考例子很简单，实际遇到的情况却是很复杂的，首先第一个post请求肯定是登录了，但登录是最难处理的。登录问题解决了，后面都简单了。
一、查看官方文档
1.学习一个新的模块，其实不用去百度什么的，直接用help函数就能查看相关注释和案例内容。
>>import requests
>>help(requests)
2.查看python发送get和post请求的案例
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
>>> r.status_code
200
>>> 'Python is a programming language' in r.content
True
... or POST:
>>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
>>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
>>> print(r.text)
{
...
"form": {
"key2": "value2",
"key1": "value1"
},
...
}
二、发送post请求
1.用上面给的案例，做个简单修改，发个post请求
2. payload参数是字典类型，传到如下图的form里
三、json
1.post的body是json类型，也可以用json参数传入。
2.先导入json模块，用dumps方法转化成json格式。
3. 返回结果，传到data里
四、headers
1.以禅道登录为例，模拟登陆，这里需添加请求头headers,可以用fiddler抓包
2.将请求头写成字典格式
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
"Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
"X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
"Cookie": "xxx.............", # 此处cookie省略了
"Connection": "keep-alive"
}
五、禅道登录参考代码
# coding:utf-8
# coding:utf-8
import requests
# 禅道host地址
host = "http://127.0.0.1"
def login(s,username,psw):
url = host+"/zentao/user-login.html"
h = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Referer": host+"/zentao/user-login.html",
# "Cookie": # 头部没登录前不用传cookie，因为这里cookie就是保持登录的
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
}
body1 = {"account": username,
"password": psw,
"keepLogin[]": "on",
"referer": host+"/zentao/my/"
}
# s = requests.session() 不要写死session
r1 = s.post(url, data=body1, headers=h)
# return r1.content # python2的return这个
return r1.content.decode("utf-8") # python3
def is_login_sucess(res):
if "登录失败，请检查您的用户名或密码是否填写正确。" in res:
return False
elif "parent.location=" in res:
return True
else:
return False
if __name__ == "__main__":
s = requests.session()
a = login(s, "admin", "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e")
result = is_login_sucess(a)
print("测试结果：%s"%result)